I-Cavitation yimeko enobungozi ehlala ivela kwiiyunithi zokupompa i-centrifugal. I-Cavitation inokunciphisa ukusebenza kwempompo, ibangele ukungcangcazela kunye nengxolo, kwaye iholele kumonakalo omkhulu kwi-impeller yepompo, indlu yepompo, i-shaft, kunye nezinye iindawo zangaphakathi. I-Cavitation iyenzeka xa uxinzelelo lwe-fluid kwimpompo yehla ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-vaporization, okubangela ukuba ama-bubbles omphunga enze kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi. La maqamza omphunga ayawa okanye "aqhume" ngamandla xa engena kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Oku kunokubangela umonakalo womatshini ngaphakathi kwimpompo, yenze amanqaku abuthathaka anokuthi achaphazeleke kukukhukuliseka kunye nokugqwala, kunye nokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwempompo.

Ukuqonda kunye nokuphumeza izicwangciso zokunciphisa i-cavitation kubalulekile ukugcina imfezeko yokusebenza kunye nobomi benkonzo iimpompo zecasing eziqhekezayo .

Iintlobo zeCavitation kwiiMpompo

Ukunciphisa okanye ukukhusela i-cavitation kwimpompo, kubalulekile ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cavitation ezinokuthi zenzeke. Ezi ntlobo ziquka:

1.I-vaporization cavitation. Eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-classic cavitation" okanye "intloko ye-suction positive ekhoyo (NPSHa) cavitation," olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-cavitation. Ukwahlula ibhokisi iimpompo zandisa isantya solwelo njengoko ludlula kumngxuma wokufunxa i-impeller. Ukunyuka kwesantya kufana nokuhla koxinzelelo lwamanzi. Ukuncitshiswa koxinzelelo kunokubangela ukuba olunye ulwelo lubilise (umphunga) kwaye lwenze amaqamza omphunga, aya kuthi adilike ngamandla aze avelise amaza othuko amancinci xa efika kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.

2. I-Trbulent cavitation. Amalungu afana neengqiniba, iivalvu, izihluzi, njl.njl. kwisixokelelwano semibhobho asenokungalungeli ubungakanani okanye ubume bolwelo olumponthiweyo, olunokubangela ii-eddies, isiphithiphithi kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo kulo lonke ulwelo. Xa ezi ziganeko zenzeka kwi-inlet yempompo, ziyakwazi ukutshabalalisa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphakathi kwimpompo okanye zibangele ukuba ulwelo lube ngumphunga.

3. I-Cavitation ye-Blade syndrome. Eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-blade pass syndrome", olu hlobo lwe-cavitation lwenzeka xa i-diameter ye-impeller inkulu kakhulu okanye i-coating yangaphakathi yendlu yempompo inzima kakhulu / impompo yezindlu zangaphakathi ububanzi buncinci. Nayiphi na okanye zombini ezi meko ziya kunciphisa isithuba (ucoceko) ngaphakathi kwendlu yempompo ukuya ngaphantsi kwamanqanaba amkelekileyo. Ukunciphisa ukucocwa ngaphakathi kwendlu yempompo kubangela ukuba izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi linyuke, okubangela ukuhla koxinzelelo. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunokubangela ukuba ulwelo lube ngumphunga, ludale amaqamza e-cavitation.

I-4.I-cavitation ye-recirculation yangaphakathi. Xa impompo yokwahlulwa kweziko ingakwazi ukukhupha ulwelo ngesantya sokuqukuqela esifunekayo, ibangela ukuba enye okanye yonke i-fluid iphinde ijikeleze i-impeller. Ulwelo olujikelezayo ludlula kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphezulu, oluvelisa ubushushu, isantya esiphezulu, kwaye lwenza amaqamza okufunxa. Isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokuphindaphinda kwangaphakathi siqhuba ipompo kunye nevalve yokuphuma kwepompo evaliweyo (okanye ngesantya esiphantsi sokuhamba).

5. Air entrainment cavitation. Umoya unokutsalwa kwimpompo ngevalve engaphumeleliyo okanye isifakelo esikhululekileyo. Xa sele ungaphakathi kwimpompo, umoya uhamba nolwelo. Ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nomoya kunokwenza iibhubhu "eziqhumayo" xa zibonakaliswe kuxinzelelo olwandisiweyo lwempompo yempompo.

Izinto ezifaka isandla kwi-cavitation - NPSH, NPSHa, kunye ne-NPSHr

I-NPSH yinto ephambili ekukhuseleni i-cavitation kwiimpompo ze-casing casing. I-NPSH ngumahluko phakathi koxinzelelo lokwenyani lokufunxa kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga wolwelo, olulinganiswa kwindawo yokungena impompo. Amaxabiso e-NPSH kufuneka abe phezulu ukuthintela ulwelo ekubeni lube ngumphunga ngaphakathi kwempompo.

I-NPSHa yeyona NPSH yokwenyani phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza kompompo. Intloko yenetha yokufunxa efunekayo (NPSHr) yi-NPSH encinci echazwe ngumenzi wempompo ukuphepha i-cavitation. I-NPSha ngumsebenzi wombhobho wokufunxa, ufakelo, kunye neenkcukacha zokusebenza kwempompo. I-NPSHr ngumsebenzi woyilo lwempompo kwaye ixabiso layo lichongwa ngovavanyo lwempompo. I-NPSHr imele intloko ekhoyo phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ilinganiswa njenge-3% yehla kwintloko yepompo (okanye i-head stage impeller head for multistage pumps) ukufumana i-cavitation. I-NPHa kufuneka ihlale ingaphezulu kwe-NPSHr ukunqanda i-cavitation.

Amaqhinga okunciphisa i-Cavitation - Ukwandisa i-NPSHa ukuThintela i-Cavitation

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-NPSha inkulu kune-NPSHr ibalulekile ekunqandeni i-cavitation. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokuthi:

1. Ukwehlisa umphakamo wempompo yecasing yokucazulula ngokunxulumene nedama lokufunxa/isump. Inqanaba lolwelo kwidama lokufunxa/kwisump linokunyuswa okanye impompo ifakwe ngaphantsi. Oku kuya kwandisa i-NPSha kwindawo yokungena impompo.

2. Yandisa ubukhulu bombhobho wokufunxa. Oku kuya kunciphisa isantya solwelo ngesantya sokuqukuqela okungaguqukiyo, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe ilahleko yentloko yokufunxa kwimibhobho kunye nokufakelwa.

2.Nciphisa iilahleko zentloko kwizixhobo. Nciphisa inani lamalungu kumgca wokufunxa impompo. Sebenzisa izifakelo ezifana neengqiniba zerediyasi ezinde, iivalvu ezigcweleyo, kunye nezinciphisi ezithe chu ukunceda ukunciphisa ilahleko yentloko efunxayo ngenxa yezifakelo.

3.Kugweme ukufaka izikrini kunye nezihlungi kumgca wokufunxa impompo xa kunokwenzeka, njengoko zihlala zibangela i-cavitation kwiipompo ze-centrifugal. Ukuba oku akunakuphetshwa, qinisekisa ukuba izikrini kunye nezihluzi kumgca wokufunxa impompo zihlala zihlolwa kwaye zicocwe.

5. Pholisa ulwelo olumponthiweyo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphunga.

Qonda i-NPSH Margin ukuze uthintele i-Cavitation

Umda we-NPSH ngumahluko phakathi kwe-NPSHa kunye ne-NPSHr. I-margin enkulu ye-NPSH inciphisa umngcipheko we-cavitation kuba inika into ekhuselekileyo yokukhusela i-NPSHa ekuweleni ngaphantsi kwamanqanaba okusebenza aqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kweemeko zokusebenza. Izinto ezichaphazela umda we-NPSH ziquka iimpawu zolwelo, isantya sempompo, kunye neemeko zokufunxa.

Ukugcina ukuHamba kweMpompa okuBuncinane

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ipompo ye-centrifugal isebenza ngaphaya kokuhamba okuncinci okuchaziweyo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni i-cavitation. Ukusebenza kwempompo yecala lokwahlula ngaphantsi koluhlu oluhamba kakuhle (indawo yokusebenza evumelekileyo) kwandisa amathuba okudala indawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi olunokubangela i-cavitation.

I-Impeller Designingingqwalasela yokunciphisa i-Cavitation

Uyilo lwe-impeller ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubeni ipompo ye-centrifugal ixhomekeke kwi-cavitation. Ama-impellers amakhulu anamacangca amancinci athambekele ekuboneleleni ukukhawuleza okuncinci kwamanzi, okunciphisa umngcipheko we-cavitation. Ukongeza, ii-impellers ezinobubanzi obukhulu bokungena okanye iiblades ezicociweyo zinceda ukulawula ukuhamba kolwelo ngokutyibilikayo, ukunciphisa isiphithiphithi kunye nokwakheka kweqamza. Ukusebenzisa izinto ezichasene nomonakalo we-cavitation kunokwandisa ubomi be-impeller kunye nepompo.

Ukusebenzisa i-Anti-Cavitation Devices

Izixhobo ze-Anti-cavitation, ezifana ne-flow conditioning accessories okanye i-cavitation suppression liners, ziyasebenza ekunciphiseni i-cavitation. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokulawula i-fluid dynamics ejikeleze i-impeller, ukubonelela ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa i-turbulence kunye neendawo eziphantsi zoxinzelelo ezibangela i-cavitation.

Ukubaluleka kobungakanani bempompo ngokufanelekileyo ekuthinteleni iCavitation

Ukukhetha uhlobo lwempompo oluchanekileyo kunye nokucacisa ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kwisicelo esithile kubalulekile ukukhusela i-cavitation. Umpompo ogqithisiweyo awunakusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwimisinga ephantsi, okubangelwa umngcipheko okhulayo we-cavitation, ngelixa umpompo ongaphantsi kunokufuneka usebenze nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhamba, okwandisa amathuba okuba ne-cavitation. Ukukhethwa kwepompo okufanelekileyo kubandakanya uhlalutyo olucacileyo lweemfuno eziphezulu, eziqhelekileyo kunye nezincinci zokuhamba, iimpawu zamanzi kunye nokuhlelwa kwenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umpompo usebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo lokusebenza. Ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo kuthintela i-cavitation kwaye kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kwempompo kumjikelezo wobomi bayo.